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What did Bolton's manuscript say about Ukraine aid?

Summary

A look back at the Trump–Ukraine scandal as it stood on 31 January 2020, after reports of an unpublished manuscript by John Bolton.

What did an unpublished manuscript by former National Security Advisor John Bolton add to the Trump–Ukraine scandal? As of 31 January 2020, the question hung over the affair, following a report dated 26 January 2020 about the draft of his book, The Room Where It Happened.

According to that report, the manuscript revealed that President Donald Trump told Bolton that unfreezing military aid to Ukraine was conditional on Ukraine carrying out investigations into Joe Biden and Hillary Clinton.

What the scandal was about

The affair arose from Trump's attempts to press Ukraine to investigate his political rival Biden, and so potentially damage Biden's campaign for the 2020 Democratic Party presidential nomination. Trump enlisted surrogates inside and outside his administration, including his personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani and Attorney General William Barr, to pressure Ukraine and other governments.

Trump also blocked payment of a congressionally mandated $400 million military aid package, in an attempt to obtain quid pro quo cooperation from Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy. Contacts between the White House and the Ukrainian government culminated in a phone call between Trump and Zelenskyy on 25 July 2019.

The Bolton manuscript's account tied the aid directly to the investigations, which made it a notable development in the scandal for readers in Kyiv and beyond.

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